Detergent is a cleaning product designed to remove dirt, stains, oils, and other residues from various surfaces, fabrics, and materials. It works by using surfactants (surface-active agents) that reduce the surface tension of water, allowing it to penetrate and lift dirt particles. Detergents come in various forms, including powders, liquids, gels, and concentrates, and are formulated for different applications such as laundry, dishwashing, surface cleaning, and industrial use. The formula typically includes surfactants, builders (to soften water and enhance cleaning), enzymes (to break down specific stains), and other additives like optical brighteners, fragrances, or preservatives. Modern detergents may be designed with specific features such as being phosphate-free, biodegradable, plant-based, or suitable for high-efficiency machines. They are engineered to address different cleaning challenges, from everyday dirt to tough stains, and may be adapted for use in hot or cold water, hard or soft water conditions. Detergents play a crucial role in maintaining hygiene, cleanliness, and the longevity of household and commercial items, offering convenient and effective solutions for a wide range of cleaning needs.
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